What is a switch? What is a subnet? What is a router gateway? What are firewall, DMZ, Port, forwarding, and Net? And we will cover this in two legs.
First, we will understand the components specific to a land which is a local area network. And then, we will move on to when which is a vast area network. And we will understand this yet again with a very relatable example of a school.
So let's get started.
So, friends, we will do a side-by-side comparison between a land and a school wherever possible. I will try to correlate the concept so that you can easily understand it. So what is the land? The land is a local area network, which means you will have a network, a set of devices talking to each other within a limited range. The best example of land is your home network wherein you have several laptops, mobile, our printers connected.
And then you are also talking at the same time to the outside world through Internet, which we'll cover later. So what is an IP? First of all, so an IP is a logical address to identify or locate your specific machine. Local area network. So suppose, in this case, the laptop IP address is 192 168 1020.
This is a logical address on any device which wants to talk to this particular laptop that can send a message to this specific IP address correlating that to a school. Suppose we have this particular school and that this school boundary can be considered as a land. It is a local area where we have three classes: Class 10th, Class eleven, and Class twelve. And we have various students within these classes. You can consider these students as different devices like a laptop, a printer, or a mobile.
Every student in every class has a unique role number with which they are identified. That particular role number can be identified as an IP address. Moving on. The next concept is a switch. What is a button?
So the switch is a device that sits within your local area network and helps you talk to various devices within your local area network range. Suppose if you want to print a copy of your file from a printer, then you can send your request, and the switch will identify that this request needs to go to this particular IP address. So switch specifically works within a close range of a local area network. So in a school, if suppose a Class ten student wants to go and meet a student of class twelve, he has to first go to this Pune, and he has to take permission and tell him that I want to talk to this specific student, and this is his role number.
And based on that, this Pune will pass on the message or allow this particular student to go and meet the student of class twelve.
So a pun can be correlated to a network switch. But what if a student of this particular school wants to go and meet a student of a school next to this particular school? But that school is outside the boundaries of this particular school? In that case, this student has to go and meet the main security guard here, which is there at the main gate in the security gate, and he has to ask permission of this particular security guard. Only then he can go and meet someone outside the school boundaries.
So this security guard is nothing but a router.
So our router is a network device that sits between our local area network and the outside network, which is a vast area network. So suppose our mobile wants to connect to the Internet. Then this mobile will send a request to the router, and then this router will connect to the outside Internet.
So to draw some analogies IP of any machine can be a role number of any student. A switch can be tuned, and a router can be the main security guard, allowing you to go outside your school or out in the network. But the question arises of how a machine would know whether it sits within the local area network or sits somewhere outside the main local network. How can a machine understand that that can be done through yet another concept called a subnet?
So subnet is called a subnetwork which sits within the local area network.
And it is not an IP address. It might look like an IP address, but it is not. It is a set of flags that defines the overall range of a local area network. I will tell you how. So suppose the IP address of this particular laptop is 192 dots 168 dots ten dot 20, and the IP address of this printer is 192 168 one-two.
The subnet for this particular local area network could be 255 255 do zero dots zero between these two sets. What does this mean? These are the flags. These 2255 flags denote that this particular local area network has a fixed range of 192 dots 168. So any device which falls within this particular IP address range would potentially be the device in the local area network.
I suppose this particular IP address matches. Then these two zeros denote the free range. There can be any number sitting in these last two categories because these are zeros. So it can be one dot two, or it can be the mobile 192 dots 168 25 30. So subnet, Besides your local area network range. If you want to correlate with a school example, then the role number of one student and the role number of another student, we can identify whether they belong to the same school. A student of Class ten can have a role number like the one which denotes the school 1015 dot five, and the role number of the twelve students could be S 1220 dot nine.
So what would be the subnet range for this you can identify. So this would be 2550 zero because we are only comparing this first bit. If it matches with Sone, that means that these two students are from the same school, and then they can talk with in this school network. So to summarize, any network device potentially needs three things subnet.
And now you will wonder, what is this gateway? Gateway is nothing but the IP address of this router. So router and gateway are one and the same thing. The IP address of the router is actually called the network gateway. So this IP address, along with this subnet and this gateway, can pretty much talk to any other network device within the land or outside the land.
So hope I am clear on this concept. Now we will move on to leg two of this video to understand some concepts on the wider area network. So let's start. So hope we are clear on Leg one, which covered the land concepts. Now we will move to the next leg, which will cover some concepts related to routers and wide area networks.
So let's start. So the router has basically four core functionalities which it has to deliver as a gateway device. First is Net, which is network address translation, the second is DMZ, which is Dmitri zone, third is a firewall, and fourth is Port forwarding. These are all interrelated. We'll understand how.
So we now know that router is the gateway through which a local area device can talk to a device outside the network. But what is network address translation? The name pretty much describes it. So whatever request comes from the local area network device, the IP address of this particular device is not exposed to the Internet. Router changes this network device address to a different address which then goes on to the outside network. As you can see, the IP addresses of these network devices outside the local area network are different.
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